I was excited to learn recently that New South Wales farmers will soon be able to legally grow cannabis for commercial use. THE NSW Government has turned over a new leaf after decades of opposing commercial cannabis, revealing plans for a new scheme to grow the plant on an industrial scale.
The State Government is set to introduce a licensing scheme that will allow farmers to grow industrial hemp, the fibres and oil of which can be used in thousands of products - food and clothes, biofuels and skin-care products – just to name a few.
With a trial plantation already under way around Griffith, in the state's south-west, I commend the NSW State Government for leading Australia towards a more sustainable form of agriculture – a brighter future for not only our farmers but society in general.
Hemp use dates back to the Stone Age, with hemp fibre imprints found in pottery shards in China and Taiwan, over 10,000 years old. These ancient Asians also used the same fibres to make clothes, shoes, ropes, and an early form of paper.
Hemp is one of the most versatile plants known. It can be grown in most climates, is drought resistant, requires little fertiliser, minimal pesticides or herbicides, and has a range of uses. The seeds can be used as food and fodder, and can be processed to produce hemp oil. The stalks provide fibre for textiles, clothing, rope, paper and building products. The bulk of the woody stalks can be used for paper, animal bedding, and plastics. The hemp plant biomass can be used to produce fuel. Anything that trees/timber can be used to produce, hemp can produce and more, including house construction.
Hemp is the strongest natural fibre on the planet – roughly 26 times stronger than cotton and 10 times longer lasting. Henry Ford built his Ford Model-T using hemp to line the side panels. The impact strength was 10 times stronger than steel alone. The Model-T was also designed to run on hemp fuel which Henry Ford grew himself.
Fig.1 Henry Ford swinging an axe at his 1941 car to demonstrate the toughness of the plastic trunk door made of soybean and hemp. (From the collections of Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village.)
This one crop can provide the basics of life – food, shelter, clothing, fuel and medicine. In fact almost anything from 'dynamite to Cellophane' can be made from hemp.
Why use hemp for all these products? There are two main reasons – one ecological, one economic.
Ecological: As a renewable resource from living plants hemp does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. The growing plants absorb as much CO2 as will later be released when oil or other plant matter is burnt. Unlike fossil fuels (oil, coal, gas) or nuclear fuels hemp could supply us with raw materials for thousands of years, without ever changing our climate and without producing waste that remains radioactive for millions of years.
Hemp is a natural plant material that can be grown with little or no herbicides and pesticides, and little fertiliser. Therefore in terms of the agricultural system it is more ecologically sensitive. In paper and textile production, it can be processed without toxic chemicals, whereas alternatives such a cotton or textiles and wood pulp for paper, require large amounts of toxic chemicals.
Because hemp is not a fussy grower and can grow in a wide range of soils and climatic conditions it is ideal for a bioregional approach. It is a bulky crop and does not require high capital technology to process, making it ideal to process locally, increasing local employment and economy, and saving transport costs and pollution.
Economic: Hemp is the number one biomass producer - 10 tons in approximately 90 – 120 days. One acre of hemp will produce as much fibre as 2-3 acres of cotton. One acre of hemp will produce as much paper as 2–4 acres of trees. Hemp clothing, though currently costing more than cotton clothing, will last six times as long, thus making it cheaper in the long run. Used hemp clothing can be recycled in paper production
Cannabis is extremely unusual in the diversity of products for which it is or can be cultivated – I have only touched on a few of these. It is estimated that Hemp would have at least 50,000 commercial uses if it were legal in Australia and America today. Particularly with the current drought situation across Australia, other States should follow the NSW Government lead for looking at the bigger picture and taking action.
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